Inventory by definition refers to the holding of any item or resource used in a business that can be in the following forms:
• Raw materials
• Supplies
• Work-in-process
• Finished goods
• Component parts
Inventory and stock control management is something that many small businesses grapple with due to the fact that upgrading (or creating) a stock control systems and procedure means letting go of old habits. And unfortunately we all know those are die-hard! There are various views on inventory and the control thereof and the one school of thought I personally subscribe to contends that having inventory is an inevitability since the costs and risks of not having inventory when customers want something outweigh the costs and risk of having them.
In essence, if inventories cannot be eliminated and stockless production is an ideal situation, then inventories must at least be managed.
What is stock management?
Holding onto stock occurs to allow businesses to meet customer requirements. It also exists to smoothen the flow of goods through the production and supply process and to protect against uncertainties of suppliers.
What are the costs of holding inventory?
There are two cost categories associated with inventory,
1) The cost to carry inventory
2) The cost of not carrying inventory.
The cost to carry inventory includes the unit materials cost; the cost of ordering them or reordering them; and the carrying or holding costs.
• When businesses produce the materials that they need for production as well, the reorder cost is being substituted by the cost to set up the machine or perform change over activities
• The carrying or holding costs generally include the costs of storage, fire and theft insurance, and warehouse administration.
• The intangible cost related with carrying inventory is the opportunity loss associated with investments in inventories which could otherwise have been spent for more profitable ventures.
The costs of not carrying inventory primarily relate to the loss of customer goodwill and lost revenues when no stock is available, not to mention the probability of such incidents being communicated to other potential customers.
Unfortunately every business has differing factors that will influence the above equation. It is my feeling however that if your business involves any form of tangible good supply an inventory control system is critical in minimizing risk and loss and increasing efficiency.







